The Indian Issue

During our last class meeting, we discussed the history of Native American reservations, when and why they were established, and how they have changed throughout the years. As settlers in America moved West beginning in the 1850s, they began having issues with the natives of the region over natural resources. The settlers considered the natives savage, almost inhuman creatures and as a result, President Ulysses S. Grant instituted the “Peace Policy” in the late 1960s. The policy relocated the Indians to reservations where they were “civilized” and taught Christianity. And although the policy was meant to help the Indians by readying them for citizenship, it did more harm than good. This is because the Indians did not want to leave their homeland. They were forced onto reservations where the conditions were poor despite the stipends that the tribes received. Since they were away from their homeland, the Native Americans also experienced a sense of loss, a disconnection, that was compounded by the fact that they were unable to practice many of their age old rituals and cultural traditions. As a result, many of the Indians attempted to flee the reservations and this led to wars between them and the settlers, which resulted in utter devastation. The most infamous of these wars are the Sioux Wars on the northern Great Plains, which killed hundreds and hundreds of Indian men, women, and children.
In all, the Native American wars killed thousands upon thousands of Indians and those who weren't killed were still subject to hardship. The severity of this great tragedy is revealed not only in the numbers but also through its lasting effects, which can still be seen on modern Indian reservations and in the Indian community in general. The current state of most reservations do not show improvement as poverty, alcoholism, and unemployment are rampant throughout them. As the Indians are desperate for money, they also have resorted to building casinos to generate revenue. In addition, the Indians have lost many aspects of their culture and rarely practice the rituals and traditions that distinguish them from other tribes and peoples. And these are just a few of the effects of the great devastation. One could go on and on.
As a result, although we are not directly responsible for the tragedy, our ancestors were, and so I believe that it is our generation's duty to help the Native Americans in any way possible. I realize the state of our current economy is poor and I understand that our government cannot afford to give large sums of money to the reservations. However, there must be something we and our government can do. We must not merely discuss why and how the great devastation happened. The psychology of why it happened and what justification the settlers felt they had in relocating the Native Americans to reservations far away from their natural landscape and entirely altering their way of life is worthy of discussion. However, exploring the reason for the devastation is not what will help the Indians now. Rather, we should establish government committees and local organizations that will focus on the question of how to solve the problem because that is the only thing which will help the Indians now. Although we cannot take back what our ancestors did to the Native Americans, we have the capacity to help the tribes financially and we should. It is the least we can do.

House of Straw

I was very interested by the Green Architecture post from a few weeks back, so I have been looking into this growing industry and some of its ingenious building designs. I stumbled across this encouraging article about a straw and hemp-panel house that recently became the first of its kind to pass inspection. The "Balehaus", a research project conducted by the University of Bath in the UK, was a collaborative effort between White Design(Bristol, UK) and Integral Structural Design(Bath, UK). The eco-friendly house was the brainchild of a research initiative studying renewable building materials and the ways in which the can be employed in future homes. This excellent and encouraging example of green architecture is comprised of "prefabricated cells of timber filled with straw or hemp, rendered with a lime-based coat," so it is an entirely sustainable building design manufactured from wholly renewable resources.

The building has been, and will continue to be monitored and tested by researchers Katharine Beadle and Christopher Gross of the Building Research Establishment Centre in Innovative Construction Materials for the following year. Most recently, the researchers conducted a heat resistance test in which the housing panels withstood 1,000 temperatures(Celsius) for over two hours, far more than the industry regulated standard of 30 minutes. The house has also passed structural testing on load-bearing elements , so the technology certainly seems to be a viable step forward for green-architecture and a sustainable building future. Over the course of the next year, Beadle and Gross will test the house for insulating properties, humidity levels, air tightness, and sound insulation, to ensure the new house and its accompanying technologies pass all industry standards before becoming commercially available. Kevin McCloud, a TV presenter and proponent of the design, discussed the success of the research initiative, remarking on the crucial technologies which allow us to "minimize the use of highly processed materials in building and genuinely make use of such sustainable building materials." I have to say I couldn't agree more with McCloud, this is a very exciting development in an industry appears to be growing exponentially, hoping to create sustainable buildings and, ultimately, a sustainable future.

Loss of Hawaiian Culture

After our discussion in class on Thursday, I thought it would be interesting to talk a little bit more of Hawaii’s history and how it is similar in certain aspects to Native American history. Like the Native Americans, the Native Hawaiians have been an oppressed race for over a hundred years. My ancestors always believed that living off the land was extremely important, and it played an important role in our culture. After the introduction of western foreigners, the Hawaiian population started declining drastically, and the knowledge of our culture was slowly forgotten.

Hawaiians were restricted from speaking in their native tongue, and were forced to give up certain practices such as hula dancing and religious ceremonies to the gods they believed in. Culture was such an important aspect of life; when the foreigners stripped them of these practices, they felt as if their identities were being taken away. Most of these foreigners were missionaries whose intentions were to do more good than harm. Unfortunately, these missionaries brought not only their new ways of life, but also diseases that never were introduced to the islands before. These diseases nearly wiped out the Hawaiian population.

Queen Lili’uoukalani, the reigning monarch at the time, saw her people suffering, but could do nothing about it. Unfortunately, things got worse and the U.S. Government overthrew the monarchy illegally and established a provisional government. Soon after, Hawaii became a territory and then later a state.

It’s sad to know that my ancestors were affected in such a way that caused them to lose a sense of self. Our culture has become so diluted with the influence of foreigners that it’s difficult to find people who have authentic knowledge of Hawaiian practices. Today, Hawaii is like a melting pot. It’s hard to find a Hawaiian that doesn’t have any other ethnicities as well. I went to a private school for Native Hawaiians called Kamehameha Schools. Out of over 2,000 students, there was not a single student who was what one would call a “pure” Hawaiian. This school encourages students to practice and be educated about our culture. I feel that up until the 7th grade when I was accepted into this school, I was deprived of my Hawaiian culture. Kamehameha Schools offers the same type of curriculum as any other college prep school except in addition to that, they have classes aimed specifically for students to engage in cultural practices.

No one besides that particular race will ever know the struggles that both the Native Americans and Native Hawaiians had to endure. Though the Native Hawaiian struggle wasn’t as difficult as the Native Americans’, it still was a big enough struggle for my ancestors to be worried about future generations. There is so much to explain about Hawaiian history that can’t all fit in this blog, but this is it in a nut shell.

Save the Bees!

When I think of bees, I generally think of dull gold and black striped insects that can cause pain if disturbed. I also think of them of as friends of flowers, due to their role in nature as one of many pollinators. Bees play an important role when it comes to farming. Without bees, we wouldn't have the means necessary to grow crops properly or get food. According to an article posted by the Washington Post in 2006, Honeybees are used to pollinate over 90 different kinds of crop and in California, for example Almond Farmers, often times need as many as 1.4 million honeybee colonies in order to pollinate the 550,000 Acres of trees and it is projected that the demand for bees will increase for the need to pollinate over 800,000 acres! Yet it's not the high demand for bees on our farms that is causing a problem, it's the fact that a decline in the number of bees in the past years that has farmers and researchers alarmed. This decrease could greatly damage great numbers of important crops and cause other problems for other animals in the environment. The Washington Post noted that the problem was so bad in fact, that many farmers in the United States had to import honeybees from Europe last year in order to meet the demands necessary for their crops. There are a number of factors that have been contributing to the honeybee decline. Pesticides are believed to be the biggest contributor to the shrinking population problem, since most farmers use pesticides to keep their crops safe from pests and costly damage, and yet not realizing they're harming more than just pests. Other factors include parasites and diseases, such as the Varroa mite, which suck the "blood" out of the adult drones and leave open wounds, leaving the bees vulnerable to infection. Even the importation of honeybees has contributed to the decline because of the diseases and other bee harming parasites that have been imported have also had a significant impact on the country's population. Bees are not only important for crops but they are also important for pollinating essential plants in the wild that other animals may depend on. We depend on bees for so many things and to lose them would sure throw everything out of balance. What can you do to help? You can plant pollinator gardens, which are gardens that have native plants from the surrounding area and have nesting boxes for solitary bees. Other things one can do to help the bees are by supporting your local beehive and relocate hives you find near your home, don't exterminate! For more information as to what you can do to help the bees, please checkout http://savethebees.com/.

Can Birds Enlighten the Day?

I was thinking about the poem, The Darkling Thrush, by Thomas Hardy, and the real meaning of it. There is no real meaning, it can be interpreted in many different ways, depending on the person who is reading it. This got me thinking about how we view nature and animals.

I thought that this poem was about a person living a long time ago. It is described as a very dark, cold, and scary place, with words that imply death. The people in this town seem to be very depressed, and that is why they are all inside their houses, with their fireplaces. They don't want to go outside because of the bad vibe everywhere. After the setting is described, he starts to describe this old, and tiny bird that is singing. It is implied that since this bird is so small, and does not have a lot of energy he has to "fling his soul", which means that he has to try very hard to accomplish it. But then the speaker goes about reflecting on this little creature making such beautiful sounds in such a gloomy place. He says that there is no need for this singing, but the bird sings anyways, because the thrush has hope. Finally, at the end he really lets the reader know what he thinks by saying that he was unaware of this hope.

This ties into my understanding of how people think of animals. In our society, we are taught that certain animals are good, and pretty, while others are not. Usually, birds, dogs, cats, rabbits, etc are considered to be nice, gentle, and loving animals, while in contrast, spiders, flies, rats, and cockroaches, are not. But on a dark, rainy day, when things seem to be bad, when we see a bird singing, or a puppy, it seems that the animal enlightens the day, and brings some sort of happy feeling inside of us. I know that when I had a bad day, and the weather is not so great either, if I see a bird outside, that will make my soul feel happy. It is something about their songs and melodies. But this speaker in the poem did not feel that a little bird, that was old, could bring any hope to such a depressing place. It was not enough for him, because compared to everything else, he was too small to make a change. In our society, animals are very important, and they can be very symbolic. Certain animals are seen as hope, and as a good thing for people. People like to go camping, and when they do, they like to see all of the animals. They like to be in nature. This ties into Thoreau's understanding of nature. He goes to live in the woods to live a simple life, and to see all of the natural things. Well, animals, including birds, are pleasant to be around.

Environmental Awareness through Music

For the first half of the year in this class we have focused on problems facing our environment and how to protect it. We have discussed Global Warming and our diminishing resources. We’ve posted blogs about alternative forms of energy, light pollution, green architecture, and much more. But something we haven’t really addressed is the different ways people and organizations are making others aware of these problems. For me, one of the most interesting, and I think successful, ways people are creating environmental awareness is through music.

Modest Mouse is one of these musical groups many of you probably know about. Using their fame and musical talent, they wrote a song titled “King Rat” on their new album, ‘No One’s First, and You’re Next’. Modest Mouse got together with Heath Ledger soon after they wrote “King Rat” and worked to produce a video. If you click on the link below you can watch the video they created. As you can see the video, along with the song, addresses whaling and its horrors in a clear and vivid way. With graphic images of people being harpooned by whales it challenges the viewer’s perspective. People are accustomed too seeing whales being harpooned, but suddenly when the situation is reversed, it’s not so easy to watch. This video was hard for me to watch, especially when the whales were skinning the humans, even though it is just a cartoon. But it really made me think about how horrible whaling is and made me want to stand up against it; I’m sure it has motivated many others as well.

Another example of people using music to create awareness can be seen even with college kids like us. If you go to the YouTube link I have attached, you can watch a video of my boyfriend’s roommates down in Santa Monica. They are aspiring artists who call themselves Last Name Basis. This song they wrote is about conservation and just a way for them to let people know, mainly their fans, what’s going on in the environment. It’s entertaining, funny, and has a good message. Things like this really show me that anyone can have an effect whether it is large or small.

I am not trying to call anyone into action with this blog post. I just want to let people know how easy it is to get involved and help save the environment in their own way. You can use the talents you have or take something you’re interested in and find a way to help save or educate about the environment.

http://vodpod.com/watch/2009757-modest-mouse-king-rat-directed-by-heath-ledger-vdeo-demyspace-australia-vdeo-do-myspace

Generation Solitude

A hundred year ago, the Greatest Generation ruled America. In the 21st century, a new generation is rising to power, even larger in size than the baby boomers. Generation We is the upcoming generation of our era. We are known as the millennials, and we will be the largest voting group in 2016. Generation We is comprised of people born between 1978 and 2000 and currently we are 95 million strong. As a generation, we have the potential to make great change through our political involvement and technological innovation. We have many positive characteristics that separate us from previous generations and give America hope for change. However, along with our incredibly high educational level, philosophical understanding, and great community service involvement, our independence is greater than ever before. We are a generation of growing independence with less and less human interaction on a day to day basis, and increased time spent alone. We were born to get educated, better the world around us, and to be successful. For what? The focus and motivation of Generation We is going to make great revolutionary accomplishments in our era, but how are we going to feel in 70 years? Communication has reached a new level that is more shallow than ever before. With new technological innovations rapidly taking over, society has adapted to the facade. Text message, email, video chat, online chat, and more are new methods of communication used uniformly throughout society in Generation We, none of which involve any form of human interaction. In the largest generation of United States History, kids feel more lonesome than ever before. In Walden's Solitude from The Portable Thoreau, he explains the importance of being truly alone and the importance of being in real company. "I love to be alone. I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude. We are for the most part more lonely when we go abroad among men than when we stay in our chambers." In the 21st century, we have solitude and companionship reversed. Instead of being alone and enjoying pure solitude, we are accompanied by technology that does not allow kids to ever be alone. On the other hand, when we seek companionship, we look in all the wrong places, resulting in only a semi-satisfactory feeling. Text messaging is one of the main modes of communication today, and it does not satisfy the crave for companionship that humans all love and need, especially the children of Generation We. We must work together to rework our altered society for better communication methods which will result in more substantial companionships. Generation We has a great challenge ahead of them to refuel American society both technologically, socially, and philosophically.

Generation WE

This film was made prior to the presidential election, however I still think it is an inspiring short film and I'm sure many of you have already seen it.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vknHKTy1MLY

Wind Farms

I took this photograph from the inside of a moving bus, yet it is one of my favorites from my year in Spain. It is a snapshot of a wind farm at La Muela, which is located in the province of Zaragoza, about thirty kilometers outside of the city of Zaragoza (the city in which I lived). Passing the windmills at La Muela was my favorite part of the five hour bus ride to Madrid; yet, only recently did I realize that I know very little of the wind farms in Spain—or in the United States as well as other parts of the world—and their impact on making the world a “greener place.” So, in researching them, this is what I found:

A wide variety of factors go into the planning of a wind farm, most specifically in their location. Sometimes, wind farms are constructed near the shore of a lake or ocean to take advantage of the winds generated by such an area, but often this leads to the disruption of a picturesque landscape. Although frankly, this is the biggest complain of wind farms today.

Yet the benefits of wind farms greatly exceeds their small drawbacks. According to Mark Diesendorf in Why Australia needs wind power, published in Dissent, “The impact made on the environment is very little when compared to what is gained.” It only takes a couple of months once a wind farm is operating before the energy consumed to build the farm is reproduced by the farm.

As of today, there are three types of wind farms: on-shore, near-shore, and off-shore. (This list does not count airborne, yet those are not in commercial operation yet). On-shore wind farms are those set typically in hilly regions on land; near-shore farms are those between three kilometers from a body of water to ten kilometers from a body of land; and off-shore farms are those at least ten kilometers from land (i.e. fully within a body of water). Floating wind turbines, just as their name implies, are set in off-shore locations where winds are strong but water depths make mounting them impossible; these generate, for the most part, more wind than those closer to shore; energy then travels back to shore through underwater cables.

Up until 2008, the United States came in second place for the most energy produced by wind farms in the world; now, the U.S. ranks first, Germany follows in second, and, ironically, Spain comes in third.

Deserts of Energy

“Within six hours, deserts receive more energy from

the sun than humankind consumes within a year”

The world’s population is growing at a dramatically increasing rate. By 2050 the world population is estimated to reach ten billion. The current world population is 6.5 billion and is depleting the earth’s resources by using fossil fuels that in turn make carbon dioxide levels rise. This contributes to major pollution and increases climate changes worldwide. Fossil fuels are a depleting answer to supply to the world and its future generations. There is a plan, however, to use deserts to supply parts of the world with eco-friendly alternatives to fossil fuels. The Sahara desert, which occupies most of northern Africa, is the largest desert in the world. A project called Desertec is intending to use this vast desert. A four hundred billion plan created by the German Aerospace Center says that within forty years, solar thermal power plants will be capable of generating more than half the electricity needs in Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa.

“Over ninety percent of the world’s population could be supplied with clean power from deserts by using technologies that are available today”

By stretching power lines across the Sahara desert and Mediterranean Sea, Desertec Industrial Initiative could supply fifteen percent of Europe’s electricity by 2050. These High-Voltage Direct Current transmission lines (HVDC) can transport electricity over long distances and produce very little smog. Concentrated solar power (CSP) will be placed in the Sahara “using mirrors to concentrate the sun’s rays on a fluid container. The super-heated liquid then drives turbines to generate electricity. The advantage over solar voltaic panels, which convert sunlight directly to electricity, is that if sufficient hot fluid is stored in containers, the generators can run all night”. This method is not new; it has been used in deserts in California since the mid-1980s. It is the first, however, to be implemented at such a large size.

Deserts never really seem to cross my mind. I know they’re there, but the desert just seems so empty and lifeless to me. I am glad to see that the desert is being implemented into an eco-friendly and sustainable way. This way I can think of the desert once in a while and know that it isn’t just a place that is hot, it’s a place that is helping other countries live in a way that will be beneficial for future generations.

Mutant Message

I read a book a few years back called Mutant Message Down Under by Marlo Morgan in which she told of her journey with the Australian Aborigines. An Aboriginal is an indigenous inhabitant or original inhabitant of Australia and the surrounding islands. There are many different Aboriginal groups which they classify as communities, who each have a different language, as many as 250 prior to the European's arrival. Many Aboriginal communities are still living in the desert. This is the type of community Marlo was welcomed into. When Marlo first arrived to Australia, she thought she was there to accept an award, but she later found out that she was joining the Aborigines on their journey through the Australian desert. She was told to"cleanse herself" meaning she had to remove all of her clothing, jewelry, and leave her purse and all belongings behind. As she traveled with them for three months she learned about their culture. The Aborigines are so well connected to the earth, they travel in 100-130 degree weather for months on end, with no food and water, they are able to find these so called necessities on the way. I say so-called necessities, because to them it is not necessary to eat and drink water on a daily basis, it is something they do when it is available to them. They explain the American's need of food and water an addiction, which I found to be a very interesting way to phrase it. We have lived our entire lives by the belief that we must drink water daily because it has been scientifically proven that we will die without it. The Aborigines have proved this to be absolutely false. When they need water they are able to find water in the smallest plants, that we would never expect to find abundant amounts of water in. When one of the community members is not up to par with the rest of the group they leave them behind. They are not obsessed with the idea that we have of burial and letting the people in the last chapter of their lives leave with love surrounding them. This is related to Kathleen Jamie's Pathologies in which she asks when "nature will be allowed to take its course" and how death has turned into strictly ritual, giving a funeral, and showing our deepest feelings for the person, and then figuring out how they died through autopsy. For the Aborigines, death is natural and when it is coming they let the people to die in peace, after all if they keep stragglers following behind them they will be slowed down and the strength of the group will diminish. The differences in culture are amazing, and though Morgan was reluctant to join on this trip, she learned so much that she needed to learn about the world and the Earth without the interruption of cars and buildings and toxic fumes.

Light Pollution

As I walk around the streets of San Francisco with my friends on a crisp breezy evening, I look around at the sky only to realize that the sky seems to appear a dull shade of orange and purple and quite bland due to the lack of stars spotting the sky. For most people who live in the city, this would seem like any other night, but because of light pollution, city dwellers don’t know how many starts are actually out there. Light pollution may not seem like a big thing, but if you look at the consequences light pollution has on the surrounding environment, then you’ll see why it is becoming an increasingly problematic issue.

What exactly is “light pollution”? Light pollution, according to Starry Night Lights Blog, is “misused or misdirected light”, resulting from inappropriate or excessive light use. This can cause many problems such as Sky Glow, which is when excessive use of light causes a glow over urban areas. The glow causes problems for people and animals in the surrounding environment. The glow throws off people’s circadian rhythms or sleep cycles and in turn can cause sleep problems such as insomnia and has been even linked to speeding up tumor growth, as noted in Ron Chepesiuk’s Website http://www.ehponline.org/members/2009/117-1/focus.html , and its not only humans who suffer the consequences, animals in the surrounding environments are also affected by it. The sky glow can mess up the cycles of nocturnal animals and currently threatens species such as the Florida sea turtle who use the light to guide them to shore and their young to the water. Light pollution is not only a health hazard but also consumes a large amount of fossil fuels to produce the energy for the lights adding to the global warming factor.

What can be done to help? Just like buying energy saving lights to cut back on the use fossil fuels for electricity, there are night sky friendly lighting, meaning lighting that is directed downward and not up and out, available for purchase at most hardware stores. Another way to help become a friend of the night sky, is to cut back on the amount of lighting you use everyday and only use outdoor lighting when activity is present in the area. Imagine the change that could be made if everyone took the steps to reduce the unnecessary lighting.

"Forest of Extacy"

The over-exploitation of resources typically brings to mind industries such as logging or mining which seek to assuage the massive consumption of first world countries. However, a new form of exploitation of the natural world is flourishing in the Cardamom Mountains of Western Cambodia. Vietnamese crime syndicates decimated the entire population of Mreah Prew trees in their native country and have recently turned to the relatively untouched forests of Western Cambodia in search of this rare tree. The Mreah Prew tree is unique to Cambodia and its neighboring Southeast Asian countries and is renowned as the exclusive source of Safore oil, the key ingredient in the popular club drug Extacy. On the global black market, a single liter of the prized oil is worth at least 2,000 dollars. It takes 1 liter of Safore oil to make over 7,000 Extacy tabs, which easily translates to over 200,000 dollars once the Safore oil is in the right hands.

Until recently, the mountainous Cardamom forest was relatively virgin and had been fortunate enough to avoid the deprecating effects of exploitation for the most part. Following the topple of Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge in the late 1970's, surviving members fled to the Cardamoms seeking refuge from a country that wanted justice for the horrific years of genocide it had endured at the hands of the Khmer Rouge. Leaving hundreds of miles scattered with mines as they retreated into the mountains, the militants oddly helped to conserve a large area of rainforest for a couple decades. Now, this once pristine forest, home to at least 12 species found on the endangered list, is being opened up to all kinds of exploitation including illegal logging, poaching, and the extremely detrimental Safore Oil factories. They are no small operation and require heavy machinery in the process of chopping, chipping, and distilling the prized Mreah Prew Phnom trees, which are typically at least several hundred years old. Each factory can produce up to 1 ton of Safore oil a day and, with global demand for Extacy at all time high, these illegal operations quickly exhaust all the resources and promptly move on to set up another factory.

I know that we're all conscious individuals and are well-aware of the fact that our lifestyles of drastic over-consumption are quickly depleting the earth's resources and destroying the environment, but I thought this particular topic provided a unique development in this system. I feel like people are very quick to judge this kind of drug-related degradation of the environment, dubbing it a very selfish atrocity because it serves to provide drugs to party go-ers. While this is entirely true, is this type of exploitation really any more selfish than the legal exploitation that maintains an unsustainable lifestyle of consumerism and extreme comfort in the industrialized world? No. It's all the same. The legality of something doesn't correlate to it being ethical or justified. Exploitation in the name of recreation is the same whether its caused by an appetite for drugs or the desire to get places quickly in gas-powered cars or the disgusting amount of red meat eaten in the United States. Exploitation is Exploitation.

We Are What We Eat

Just as our eyes are the doors to our hearts, our refrigerators can act as the doors not only to our stomachs but also to our lifestyles. So, I must wonder: what do they tell about the consumers of today’s society? Mark Menjivar asked himself the same question and decided to begin a photography project in order to answer it and the result is a multi-page spread in the current issue of Orion magazine. The spread features refrigerators owned by a wide variety of American consumers, including bachelors, businessmen, families, and even a midwife and teacher. The refrigerators reveal many things about their owners’ diets and ways of living and shed light on our American culture and modern-day cuisine. They suggest that many of us often eat out of cartons and Styrofoam to-go containers because of either our laziness or busy lifestyles. However, they also illustrate the recent tendency toward local and organic eating, meaning that despite the fact that our society has gotten itself stuck in the rut of industrialism and convenience, many of us are attempting to dig ourselves out of it. Before even reading the brief captions underneath Menjivar’s photographs, I merely looked at them and could guess at what type of person owned each refrigerator and for the most part I was right. So, this leads me to the personal question of what does my family’s refrigerator and kitchen in general reveal? Well, first one would notice the various juices (orange, apple, and usually some berry mix) and inevitable gallon container of 1% milk in the right door shelf. Below them, one would then find the condiments on the next shelf (fat-free/low cal dressings, jellies, and many salsas. Further inside, one would most likely notice the large variety of salad ingredients and items for making sandwiches (deli meat, sliced cheese). Moving on to the freezer behind the left side door, one would immediately discover my family’s obsession with Dryer’s Light Ice Cream and the shelf of my sister’s diet frozen meals (Lean Cuisines and Weight Watchers products). If one wanted to know even more about how my family eats, one could merely open the pantry behind the door right beside the fridge. There, one would instantly notice both the absence of snack foods and the abundant selection of cereal. Oh, and don’t forget the 99% fat free popcorn. And to complete the journey to discover my family’s habits, one need only open the cabinet next to the kitchen sink to find our sore spot: tea. Chamomile tea, herbal tea, flavored tea, black tea, green tea, and even white tea (along with the choice of caffeinated or non-caffeinated). So, needless to say, one could learn many things about my family by the items in our kitchen. And now I must ask the question to everyone: what does your refrigerator reveal about how you live? I urge you to take the time to analyze this because it most likely will lead to great insight into who you are as an individual. At least, it did for me.

Green architecture. This is something that not too many people are familiar with, but has interested me for a number of years and has sparked my previous desire of becoming an architect. Being a green architect entails one to come up with a design that is not only unique, but also a design that will benefit the client in an environmentally friendly manner while using earth conscious materials.

Some may think that green architecture is easy, but the architect has to spend an ample amount of time pondering not only the aesthetics of the building, but the sustainability factor as well. Window placement is extremely important when it comes to designing a house. Making sure that natural light is able to filter through during certain times of the day is important so that it can cut down one’s electricity bill. There are many elements to be considered when designing “green.” Architects examine the relationship between aesthetics and ethics by referring to the dictum “less is more.” Green architects are often inspired by nature when designing which contributes to their abstract designs.

The Loblolly House located on Taylors Island in Maryland, is a perfect example of green living. The materials used to construct this were loblolly wood, cedar wood, aluminum, and fiber-cement panels. The fascinating elements of this house include the garden roof that provides natural cooling during the summer and insulates the home in the winter. Aside from that cool feature, there is even a semi-open atrium of bamboo that represents the house being in tune with the environment.

As we move into this generation of “going green”, the act of sustainable living is becoming more prevalent in today’s society. We are all considered consumers, and we often times have to think about how our lifestyle decisions impact the environment whether it be positively or negatively. However, people are slowly becoming more aware of environmental problems that we are facing and are becoming more earth conscious.

If you ever consider building your own home, I suggest that you consider hiring a green architect that will aid you in a design that will be not only energy efficient, but sustainable too. You would be surprised how much money you can save by having solar panels on your roof, and windows that are able to filter through enough natural light so that you won’t need to turn on any lights during the day. Living in an environmentally friendly home not only has its benefits economically, but it also expresses the creativity of the designer as well as the owner. As we discussed previously in class, buildings can teach you things. In this case, eco-friendly homes are teaching us how to live “greener” lifestyles.

Birds are pets for a reason!

So first while we were in class, the poem we read was "The Darkling Thrush" by Thomas Hardy and some wondered what a Thrush was. Well if it was not for the syllabus saying “each of these poems is about a bird” I would have not known that a thrush was a bird either. That has inspired me to look up what a thrush was instead of just imagining what Hardy had to say and describe about the thrush he encountered. He was indeed right when he said it was small and plump.They inhabit wooded areas and often feed on the ground or eat rose hips. They are insectivorous and are residents in warm climes, but migrate to higher latitudes for the summer. Also an interesting fact is that they lay 2 to 5 speckled eggs in cup shaped nests. So in a quick summary, you can imagine a small plump plum like bird in a cup shaped nest with 2 to 5 speckled eggs in it.And for those who cannot imagine a small plump plum, here is a picture;

What I found interesting in the poem was the fact that Hardy talks about a bird, a thrush, and how it is singing and is a source of happiness. Looking at modern day homes, we still keep birds as pets and look to them for music and a source of happiness. Back in the days when I was a young laddy at home alone, I turn to my sister’s pet birds for inspiration and company. They would always sing to me while I was in the garage with them and when I’d let them fly around in there, they would be nice and not bite or scratch me. So not only are they a source of music and happiness, they are animals that are seen as harmless and free. Birds are animals that are seen to be a sign of freedom and hope at times. Like how Hardy says “Some blessed Hope, whereof he knew and I was unaware.” Birds really just puzzle the human mind, but yet still intrigue the mind and bring about a certain happiness that cannot be brought upon by anything else. Birds do not have to be pets to be loved, people in parks feed and love the birds that are around them. If a bird is seen out of nowhere and is singing, no one can ignore it and not look at it and listen.

Paper or Plastic?

As Courtney reported in an earlier blog, the garbage patch that is in the North Pacific Ocean is twice the size of the state of Texas. It is known as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, the Eastern Garbage Patch, and the Pacific Trash Vortex. It covers more than 15,000,000 square kilometers of space, and it is composed of over 100,000,00 tons of debris. Most of the debris is plastic. About eighty percent of the garbage comes from land while only 20 percent comes from the ships at sea. (http://www.kidzworld.com/article/19102-pacific-oceans-plastic-island) The most important thing to understand is that plastic can only become smaller in size over time when its in the ocean, but it will always be plastic. The patch is also made up of When the plastic becomes very small, organisms that live in water mistake it for zooplankton, and eat it. This also means that when the animals in the water eat it, it will later end up in our food when we eat those animals. This is not only important for the sake of the animals, but also for us. The different types of plastic are: Low Density PolyEthylene, High Density PolyEthylene, and a few more. Low Density PolyEthylene is used for vegetables, toys, and clothes, while High Density PolyEthylene is the supermarket bag. (http://plasticisrubbish.wordpress.com/2008/03/28/what-are-plastic-bags-made-from/) Plastic is very durable, made from natural gas, and because their molecular bonds are so strong, it therefore resists degradation. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic) Since they are so hard and cost a lot to recycle, plastic ends up in landfills. They can break down into toxic particles, and contaminate the soil. Every bag that goes down the drain, ends up in the ocean. (http://www.googobits.com/articles/1604-plastic-bag-pollution.html) In 2007, San Francisco was the first city in the U.S. to ban plastic bags in grocery stores and pharmacies. Most importantly, people think that plastic bags are free, but in San Francisco, they spent 8.5 million to deal with plastic bag litter. Bangladesh, and some African nations are thinking about banning them because they clog sewerage systems. China will also stop handing out free bags. Also, in order for us to use paper bags, deforestation has to occur, "take four times more energy to manufacture, and ten times more energy to recycle" (http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/07/ebg072909.html). In Ireland, the PlasTax (taxes on plastic bags, 33 cents per bag) cut 90 percent of bag use in a couple of weeks. Later, people carrying a plastic bag were looked upon the same way a person smoking on the plane would be looked at.

A couple of weeks ago I saw a commercial on television while I was watching the news, that interviewed different people about why they use reusable bags when they go grocery shopping. Some people said that they use them because it looks good for their clothes, while another man said that he wants to help the environment. One couple said that they use reusable bags from Trader Joes and after they are done unpacking the food, they leave the bags on their front porch until the next time. One woman said while laughing that the reusable ones don't rip, and her food does not fall out. After all of the people spoke about why they don't use plastic bags, a person said that we should use reusable bags to help the environment. This commercial was very important to me because I started to think about myself when I heard the diverse group of people talk. I realized that I am not doing something that is so easy, that could help the organisms in the ocean, and our planet. I have one of these bags from Safeway, but I always forget to use it, because I am so busy thinking about other things. I feel a little guilty that I am not doing something that is so easy. I feel that I should make it a routine to use that bag every time I go shopping, and maybe reward myself when I do. This ad was aimed towards the people that don't really think about these sorts of things because they are not directly affected by it. They don't live in the ocean, and they don't mistake plastic for food. If they did, then they would make sure they don't use the plastic. It was a very effective ad because we got the opinions of many different many that were different ages, so most people could relate to their stories.

There are people that are helping to clean the area of debris in the ocean. For example, one man named Richard Owen, a contractor and scuba diving teacher, created the Environmental Cleanup Coalition. The plan that he and this group has is to get ships to clean the area of all of the trash. He also wants to make a restoration and recycling laboratory called Gyre Island. (http://www.kidzworld.com/article/19102-pacific-oceans-plastic-island)

350 Together

On October 24th, 2009, The International Day of Climate Action is taking place throughout the world, in search of global support towards the reduction of Carbon Dioxide levels through political action. There are going to be conventions in almost every country across the planet this Saturday, to push the number 350 into peoples minds.

350 is the magic number for Carbon Dioxide levels in the atmosphere for reduction of climate change and for sustainability. As of now, our atmospheric level is too high causing the melting of polar ice caps, and other major environmental crisis. Currently, we stand at 390 parts per million which is significantly above the healthy level which has been determined by NASA. High Carbon Dioxide levels in the atmosphere are the leading cause of global warming which is an environmental crisis taking place right now. Our current Carbon Dioxide level of 390 parts per million is a global epidemic that will eventually destroy our planet if left unchanged for too long.

This Saturday, San Francisco is having a huge convention to make an impact, and to get our voices heard for the upcoming Climate Conference in Copenhagen in December. World leaders will be voting on political action which can either make or break our future if action is taken to actively reduce Carbon Emissions or not.

The Copenhagen Convention can be a turning point for humanity in changing the direction of our future towards a more socially responsible way of life. We must work together to make our voices heard because this is our chance to make a real change. In December, the Climate Conference in Copenhagen will consist of government officials from approximately 170 countries around the world. The goal for the Conference is to get a majority of votes toward a Copenhagen Protocol to prevent global warming and climate changes for the future.

This year many of us have learned about our personal carbon footprints, and little ways to reduce them with every day habits, and taking responsibility for our actions. However we all know that the answer for our globe lies on a much larger scale, and our own personal actions are not enough to change the devastating climate change. This Saturday is a great opportunity to be a part of something bigger, to get our voices heard, to take a stand for what we believe is right, and to make a difference.

Where's the next boom? Maybe in 'cleantech'

I stumbled up this article when I was browsing The Washington Post (my way of staying in touch with home, in a way). It's ironically about alternative energy research going on in Silicon Valley/San Francisco. Check it out--I hope the link works. If it asks you to sign in and you don't already have an account, you can also sign in using your Facebook.

Article

A Man named Pearl, and Topiary

Today I watch the movie A man Named Pearl and It really got me think about how we sculpt our world and how this can be part of nature because it is art and organic form. The man Pearl Fryar lives in rural South Carolina where he has a world famous topiary garden. His trees are beautiful and I think you should all take a look. Here is his WEBSITE , and also check out the movie because it is very inspirational.

It is Hot in Here?!

So what exactly is global warming? This crossed my mind, and I started to wonder when it started, when did we officially claim that we are in a state of global warming? What leads to it? What will it do? Can we fix it?

Well, global warming is the gradual increase of temperature on the whole earth over time. Global warming will change patterns in rain, sea level, and will have a big impact on plants, animals and humans. Global warming has been in effect since the mid 20th century. The main cause of global warming has been the increase of greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases are gases in the atmosphere that absorb and emit gases into the thermal infrared range. Greenhouse gas levels have been increased by the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. Deforestation will cause a rise in greenhouse gases and therefore contribute to global warming because trees intake the carbon dioxide we breathe out and give off oxygen for us to breathe. With the depletion of millions and millions of trees, we loose the process thats occurs with the trees in which the "trees [act] as lungs..." (Pollan 174). Without this breathing pattern, the Earth will choke, which is what happens during global warming. Global warming has not only been because of human intervention, volcanoes and solar radiation have done damage to the Earth for years and years before industrialization even began.

Not only will global warming cause the temperature to rise, but it will also cause the sea levels to rise, in turn causing the change in the amount and pattern of rainfall. Extreme weather events will also become more likely and more hard-hitting. We have seen an increase in devastating tropical storms in the past couple of years.

So what do we do? We have this huge problem facing us, our world is becoming hotter and hotter, and eventually will not be livable for human beings. The main problem is the emission of Carbon Dioxide (CO2). As I mentioned before we breathe out CO2 and trees take it in, so without those trees to take it in, and with more and more factories and cars put on the streets that emit CO2, it become a huge problem. So, in order to get rid of the problem, we have to reduce our output of CO2. Switching to hybrid cars (or even no cars at all), and planting plenty of trees are a great way to get this done. Recycling and watching the places where your food comes from to ensure it is grown naturally and without pesticides are also great ways to reduce carbon emissions. These are all small steps, but they will add up in the end and we will be able to see results, and if not us, future generations will be much happier!

Plastics can make us fat?

Obesity is a growing problem all over the world. According to the WHO, there are currently more than one billion adults overweight and at least three hundred million of them are clinically obese. According to the US Surgeon General, in the United States the number of overweight children has doubled since 1980. The rise of obesity is said to be caused by less physical activity and increased consumption of unhealthy foods (that can be found on almost every street in a city). I came across an article online that was titled “Can plastics make us fat?” I was interested in learning that there might be another factor in the rising number of obesity, especially from something that I use everyday. The article said that some “hormone-mimicking pollutants” in the food chain “have previously unsuspected effects”. These pollutants act on genes in the developing fetus and newborn to turn more precursor cells into fat cells “which stay with you for life”. This chemical, obesogen, could be a factor in the rising number of obese children. The “prevalence of obesity in infants under six months has risen seventy three percent since 1980”. The rise in obesity and the rise in industrialization could also be related. More plastics are created in the industrialized world where obesity is more common. Can plastics really make us fat?

The article goes on to list household items that include obesogen – the chemical compound, foreign to the body that can disrupt normal development or homeostasis inducing obesity. Almost everything listed was something needed for everyday living: carpets, mattresses, shoes, purses, detergents, furniture, toothbrushes, toothpaste, water from the shower that comes through PVC pipes, soaps, shampoos, and the list goes on. It was ridiculous “these chemicals are in everything”. We can’t possibly get rid of everything that has obesogen because then we’d be getting rid of virtually everything. The chemical is linked to such a growing problem in America, but how can we solve this problem? The article says “this fall, scientists from NIH, the Food and Drug Administration, the Environment Protection Agency, and academia will discuss obesogens at the largest-ever government-sponsored meeting on the topic”. Hopefully then we will be able to figure out how to stop the impending obesity on our children and ourselves… if it hasn’t already happened.

Industrialization may be the cause of this problem because I wouldn’t say that plastics are nature. In the meantime I’m going to try to cut back on the use of things I don’t necessarily need. Maybe that will hinder the growing problem that industrialization has caused for us.

Bees a PLENTY!

I have seen it. I have seen it up close and personal. A couple weeks ago as I was helping remodel my girlfriend Mora's cottage we had to call in a bee keeper! There was about twenty square feet of honeycomb about an inch thick just dripping with honey. Like Novella says in her book Farm City "most people- scared of bees but drawn to honey" . And it is true. Who actually likes bees buzzing and stinging and scaring little children. Virgil in his poem Georgics praises the bee and the beekeeper, but did he keep bees himself? History shows that Virgil was a poet and likely that he did not have to do much if any actual farm work. When I saw the bee keeper with his special vacuum for sucking up the little bees and his smoke pump I was excited, yet I still would not go within ten feet of the man until I knew the coast was clear. The honey is so worth the fear though. I think bees are an essential part of the garden that are often over looked.

I know that when I finally am able to have a place of my own that I will have two things for sure vegetables and bees. To me bees seem versatile. They live in all sorts of climates and there are many different types of honey producing bees. They pollinate your plants so that they can bear fruit and they create liquid GOLD. Pure HONEY! I absolutely love the taste of hone. I have honey every day wether it be just honey in my tea or the honey in the bread I eat my sandwiches on.

Could it be hard to over come my fear of bees? I hope not. Everyone is probably scared at first of the stings and the failure of a collapse, but everyone over comes that fear; if they want to be a bee keeper that is. I can imagine the bounty of honey that Mora has (now in jars). If only I can recreate the same thing except not in the middle of a wall because that removal was just way to difficult. I think if Novella can do it so can I. Maybe I need a trip to my personal Trees 'n Bees? Unfortunately Both time and location play a big part in gardening and bee keeping. I just do not have either the time or the place here at the big old Hayes Heally. My dream of liquid gold will have to be put on hold so that I can get a college learnin' first.

Pollan's Take on Cap and Trade

While I came into this class with a typical Western, romanticized paradigm, the arguments presented in Micheal Pollan’s Second Nature were extremely eye opening. He speculates that the capitalistic, resource-minded perception of nature and the Thoreau-based, naturalist view both stem from the culturally-ingrained, romanticized values which depict humans and nature as diametrically opposed, never to be integrated. However, as we learned through our readings, Pollan subscribes to an alternative perspective which includes humans as active and crucial participants in the natural world. As neither care-takers, nor alienated entities, Pollan asserts that humans should, and must, interact with nature in a responsible manner and should not be afraid to impact and alter nature accordingly, for we are just as much nature as are flora and fauna. Pollan’s arguments were very pivotal in shaping my own views regarding the interplay between humanity and nature, which Pollan argues are essentially one and the same. I have certainly come to evaluate many environmental issues, particularly the recent American Clean Energy and Security Act and Cap and Trade Bill, following this Pollan-instilled perspective, and I suspect many of my classmates have come to do the same.

The Cap and Trade Bill creates a system of allowances for companies to emit greenhouse gasses, the amount is a compromise between current and healthy emission levels. Companies can then sell unused credits to others companies who exceed their allocated “right-to-emit” credits, finally giving some incentive to stop polluting and start thinking about the future. Additionally, a Carbon Market Efficiency Board was established in order to supervise emissions and report sales of “right-to-emit” credits on the greenhouse gas emissions market. Failure to report emissions or comply with standards results in a fiscal penalties, $25,000 for each day of non-compliance. This cap and trade system finally gives companies an incentive to start thinking about the climate by using capitalism to motivate them into compliance. Of course this solution is not perfect, but over time it will certainly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and sets the United States on the right path toward becoming an environmentally conscious society. In his second prime-time news conference since taking office, President Obama advocated the cap and trade bill, asserting that “it starts pricing the pollution that’s being sent into the atmosphere.”

The Cap and Trade Bill introduced in the American Clean Energy and Security Act facilitates a compromise between modern, industrialized society and responsible environmental consciousness. This represents a shift toward the melding of human activity and the environment which Pollan emphasizes as being so crucial in developing a new paradigm. As participants in nature, we will inevitably alter the environment; however, Pollan argues the importance of recognizing our impacts, when responsible, as part of the natural world rather than unnaturally changing its course . This is precisely what the Cap and Trade Bill aims to do in creating a system which integrates the capitalistic, resource harvesting temperament of industrialized society with responsible environmentalism. Accordingly, the Cap and Trade Bill seems to be very much in line with Pollan’s beliefs, those instilled in our class, as a means of facilitating this new paradigm of participation in nature.

A Greener Future

Kokua (ko-ku-ah), a Hawaiian word that can we defined as “help.” It is a word that is often used in Hawaii when people want to get the message across. The Kokua Foundation, a non-profit organization, was founded to educate the children of Hawaii to be environmentally aware and also to provide them with experiences that will further their appreciation for the earth. This organization is deeply concerned about making sure that the future generations are aquatinted with the natural world, and all that it has to offer.

Our future is in the hands of our children, and our children’s children. The importance our children being knowledgeable about the environment is crucial. It is their generation that will suffer the most, therefore it makes sense that they be educated on ways that could help better their well being. The Kokua Foundation has numerous programs to enhance the knowledge of these kids. As the foundation goes school to school, they teach children the three R's and also the importance of gardening.

Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. Three simple steps to living a “greener” life. People nowadays don’t understand the concept of reducing and how vital it is for the sake of everyone here on earth. We all must cut back on things like long luxurious showers and getting plastic bags every time you go to the grocery market. By turning off the water when washing your body, you could are saving gallons of water. Not only will you have saved gallons, but you’ll be just as clean as if you were to leave the water running. So turning off the water is one way to reduce, but bringing your own shopping bag when going to the grocery market another way you can reduce your negative impact on the environment. Reusing is also something so simple, but is often looked over. Donating clothes to a thrift store or using reusable water bottles are two examples that are so effortless, and can make such an impact. Being that we live in a green city, recycling isn’t too much of an issue. If we all continue to follow the three R's, the greater the impact to a greener living will be.

In addition to the three R's, the Kokua Foundation makes a conscious effort to help elementary students reconnect with the earth by planting gardens that will they eventually harvest. This program also demonstrates the difference between an organically grown garden and a garden in which pesticides were used. We should all look to the Kokua Foundation as an

example, and do our part by living eco-friendly lives so that future generations will follow.

I just wanted to show people this image that caught my attention of Kansas from outer space. I thought it was interesting to see the tessellation of square patches dotted with round fields and the all the different hues of green and yellow. Check it out. http://digg.com/d315VS9

Virgil's Paradigm vs. Ours

Most of us in modern society were raised either in urban cities or in housing developments of the suburbs. We did not construct our homes or make our food and clothes by hand. Nor did we learn from anything other than textbooks during our educations (rarely did we learn hands-on). Our tract homes and apartments were built by hired workers and most likely, we never even saw any of the construction first hand. Our food, packaged in boxes and bought from chain grocers, and our clothing, purchased in stores as well, come from all over the world, from places we have never seen or even heard of. Some of us were never taught how to cook and fewer of us know anything about making clothes. Our lives are handed to us and as a result, our views of nature are limited and impersonal. Unless we grew up on a farm or were introduced to other forms of nature besides those which are man-made (lawns, backyards, parks, and recreational areas), nature to us is an abstract concept. It is merely a background for our lives and the place we walk on (literally and figuratively) because most of us have not had the opportunity to work with the land itself. We see ourselves and our society in general as being at the center of everything and this belief system results in our anthropocentric paradigm. Since we are the most important part of this universe, we must strive for perfection or as near to it as possible. We frown upon our mistakes, seeing them as only failures and things to be avoided at all costs. After all, we are all-knowing, and we are each other’s best models. The universe was made for us, and therefore we reign. Right?

In contrast, Virgil, and presumably many others of his time, saw nature in a much different light. According to him, nature is at the center of the universe and we are not. Nature is our host and she guides us in everything we do and essentially, teaches us the ways in which to survive. We must rely on nature for our means of living (food, water, and shelter) and as a result, we must work directly with her. We must look to nature for our knowledge, we must learn by her ways, and we must be guided by her principles. And if we do not rely on her for direction, we will fail. However, our modern society’s definition of failure is much different from Virgil’s. Failure, as Virgil saw it, is an opportunity for humans to learn from their mistakes and expand their knowledge. Virgil’s definition of failure stems from his close relationship with mythology. As a strong follower of mythology, he believed that Jupiter, the god of the heavens and of weather, brought trouble into the world in order to teach man not to take for granted what he has and to be resourceful. As a result, Virgil believed that although mistakes are inevitable parts of life, they give us knowledge and are therefore beneficial. He believed that we are only human and cannot expect to know everything. This point of view suggests that Virgil had an ecocentric paradigm and though we do not know enough about Virgil to prove this as his belief system, the likelihood of it being so is significant.

So now, I must ask: is our paradigm really preferable to Virgil’s? Or is it merely destroying nature and preventing us from a closer relationship with the earth? I cannot speak for anyone besides myself, but the latter rings truer for me and as a result, I have begun to readjust my paradigm. Virgil’s teachings have shown me that having an intimate relationship with nature and holding an ecocentric view of the world is the only way in which our society will survive for any extended period of time. In Georgics, he seems to caution us of this and I only hope that we will take his warning seriously because if we do not, who knows how little time we have left? A century? A decade? Even less?